Mac
小技巧, 配置

Mac OS X 里特有的那些命令行

文章目录
  1. 1. Finder
    1. 1.1. Show All File Extensions 显示所有的文件扩展名
    2. 1.2. Hide Folder in Finder 隐藏 Finder 里的指定文件夹
    3. 1.3. Show Hidden Files 显示隐藏文件
    4. 1.4. Unhide User Library Folder 不隐藏用户的库文件夹
    5. 1.5. Increase Number of Recent Places 增加 Finder 中的“最近使用文件夹”数量
    6. 1.6. Show “Quit Finder” Menu Item 设定 Finder 可退出（强烈推荐）
    7. 1.7. Path Bar 显示路径栏
    8. 1.8. Status Bar 状态栏
    9. 1.9. Set Current Folder as Default Search Scope 设置当前文件夹为默认搜索域
  2. 2. Layout
    1. 2.1. Desktop Icon Visibility 显示/隐藏桌面图标
  3. 3. Battery 电池
    1. 3.1. Remaining Battery Percentage 剩余电量
    2. 3.2. Remaining Battery Time 电池剩余使用时间
  4. 4. Power Management 电源管理
    1. 4.1. Prevent System Sleep 防止系统进入睡眠一段时间
    2. 4.2. Put Display to Sleep after 15 Minutes of Inactivity 一段时间不活动后关闭显示器
    3. 4.3. Put Computer to Sleep after 30 Minutes of Inactivity 一段时间不活动后使 Mac 睡眠
    4. 4.4. Check System Sleep Idle Time 查看系统进入休眠的间隔
    5. 4.5. Set System Sleep Idle Time to 60 Minutes 设置系统进入休眠的间隔
  5. 5. Audio
    1. 5.1. Set Audio Volume
    2. 5.2. Play Audio File
  6. 6. TTS
    1. 6.1. Speak Text with System Default Voice 用 TTS 发音朗读文本
    2. 6.2. Create Audiobook From Text
  7. 7. Networking Tools 网络工具
    1. 7.1. Ping a Host to See Whether It’s Available
    2. 7.2. Troubleshoot Routing Problems
  8. 8. SSH
    1. 8.1. Remote Login 远程登录
  9. 9. TCP/IP
    1. 9.1. Show Application Using a Certain Port 显示当前占用特定端口的应用列表 （强烈推荐）
    2. 9.2. Show External IP Address
  10. 10. Wi-Fi
    1. 10.1. Show Local IP Address
    2. 10.2. Show Wi-Fi Connection History
    3. 10.3. Show Wi-Fi Network Passwords
  11. 11. Spotlight
    1. 11.1. Spotlight Indexing
    2. 11.2. Erase Spotlight Index and Rebuild 重建索引
    3. 11.3. Search via Spotlight 搜索
    4. 11.4. Show Spotlight Indexed Metadata
  12. 12. Screenshots 屏幕截图
    1. 12.1. Take Delayed Screenshot
    2. 12.2. Save Screenshots to Given Location
    3. 12.3. Save Screenshots in Given Format
    4. 12.4. Disable Shadow in Screenshots 隐藏截图里的阴影
    5. 12.5. Set Default Screenshot Name
  13. 13. Login Window
    1. 13.1. Set Login Window Text
  14. 14. Security
  15. 15. Application Firewall
    1. 15.1. Firewall Service
    2. 15.2. Add Application to Firewall
  16. 16. Passwords
    1. 16.1. Generate Secure Password and Copy to Clipboard
  17. 17. Physical Access
    1. 17.1. Launch Screen Saver 启动屏幕保护程序
    2. 17.2. Lock Screen 锁屏
    3. 17.3. Screensaver Immediate Lock
    4. 17.4. Screensaver Password
    5. 17.5. Shutdown 关机
    6. 17.6. Uptime 已开机时间

Mac 里的不少配置可以通过特定的命令行来设定，以下是我比较常用的、感兴趣的命令。我一般是在 zsh 里对这些常用的命令设定 alias，非常方便。
更多的命令请参考：

Finder

Show All File Extensions 显示所有的文件扩展名

1
defaults write -g AppleShowAllExtensions -bool true

Hide Folder in Finder 隐藏 Finder 里的指定文件夹

1
chflags hidden /path/to/folder/

Show Hidden Files 显示隐藏文件

隐藏文件是指以.开头的系统文件等，在 Finder 里默认隐藏；开启显示后，数目会很多，建议平时不用时关闭

1
2
3
4
5
# Show All #要重启才行？
defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles true

# Restore Default File Visibility
defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles false

Unhide User Library Folder 不隐藏用户的库文件夹

1
chflags nohidden ~/Library

Increase Number of Recent Places 增加 Finder 中的“最近使用文件夹”数量

1
2
defaults write -g NSNavRecentPlacesLimit -int 10 && \
killall Finder

Show “Quit Finder” Menu Item 设定 Finder 可退出（强烈推荐）

Makes possible to see Finder menu item “Quit Finder” with default shortcut Cmd + Q

这个好用，这样就能使用 Cmd + Q 一次性关闭所有的 Finder 窗口了

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
# Enable
defaults write com.apple.finder QuitMenuItem -bool true && \
killall Finder

# Disable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.finder QuitMenuItem -bool false && \
killall Finder

Path Bar 显示路径栏

开启后会在 Finder 底部显示当前路径信息

1
2
3
4
5
# Show
defaults write com.apple.finder ShowPathbar -bool true

# Hide (Default)
defaults write com.apple.finder ShowPathbar -bool false

Status Bar 状态栏

在 Finder 最底部，显示当前文件夹项目数量、光标选中数量、硬盘可用容量

1
2
3
4
5
# Show
defaults write com.apple.finder ShowStatusBar -bool true

# Hide (Default)
defaults write com.apple.finder ShowStatusBar -bool false

Set Current Folder as Default Search Scope 设置当前文件夹为默认搜索域

整理有序的话，大部分情况下只是搜索当前目录，这样就不用每次都要多点击一次来选择了

1
defaults write com.apple.finder FXDefaultSearchScope -string "SCcf"

Layout

Desktop Icon Visibility 显示/隐藏桌面图标

OS X 桌面的右键功能里没有 Windows 的“隐藏桌面图标”选项，可以通过下面的命令实现

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
# Hide Icons
defaults write com.apple.finder CreateDesktop -bool false && \
killall Finder

# Show Icons (Default)
defaults write com.apple.finder CreateDesktop -bool true && \
killall Finder

Battery 电池

哈哈，这个纯粹是列在这儿，平时并没多大用

Remaining Battery Percentage 剩余电量

1
pmset -g batt | egrep "([0-9]+\%).*" -o --colour=auto | cut -f1 -d';'

Remaining Battery Time 电池剩余使用时间

1
pmset -g batt | egrep "([0-9]+\%).*" -o --colour=auto | cut -f3 -d';'

Power Management 电源管理

Prevent System Sleep 防止系统进入睡眠一段时间

参数单位是秒

Prevent sleep for 1 hour:

1
caffeinate -u -t 3600

Put Display to Sleep after 15 Minutes of Inactivity 一段时间不活动后关闭显示器

参数单位是分钟

1
sudo pmset displaysleep 15

Put Computer to Sleep after 30 Minutes of Inactivity 一段时间不活动后使 Mac 睡眠

参数单位是分钟

1
sudo pmset sleep 30

Check System Sleep Idle Time 查看系统进入休眠的间隔

目前我的是 1 分钟

1
2
$ sudo systemsetup -getcomputersleep
Computer Sleep: after 1 minutes

Set System Sleep Idle Time to 60 Minutes 设置系统进入休眠的间隔

1
sudo systemsetup -setcomputersleep 60

Audio

Set Audio Volume

1
osascript -e 'set volume 4'

Play Audio File

You can play all audio formats that are natively supported by QuickTime.

1
afplay -q 1 filename.mp3

TTS

吐槽下，综合各方面考虑，Mac 上可用的 TTS 大概最好的就是系统自带的了。然而——还是那么地垃圾……

Speak Text with System Default Voice 用 TTS 发音朗读文本

1
say 'All your base are belong to us!'

Create Audiobook From Text

Uses “Alex” voice, a plain UTF-8 encoded text file for input and AAC output.

1
say -v Alex -f file.txt -o "output.m4a"

Networking Tools 网络工具

Ping a Host to See Whether It’s Available

这个大概是天朝特色了……

1
ping -o github.com

Troubleshoot Routing Problems

1
traceroute github.com

SSH

Remote Login 远程登录

1
2
3
4
5
# Enable remote login
sudo launchctl load -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/ssh.plist

# Disable remote login
sudo launchctl unload -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/ssh.plist

TCP/IP

Show Application Using a Certain Port 显示当前占用特定端口的应用列表 （强烈推荐）

这个用来检查端口占用很不错

This outputs all applications currently using port 80.

1
sudo lsof -i :80

Show External IP Address

1
dig +short myip.opendns.com @resolver1.opendns.com

Wi-Fi

Show Local IP Address

1
ipconfig getifaddr en0

Show Wi-Fi Connection History

1
defaults read /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/com.apple.airport.preferences | grep LastConnected -A 7

Show Wi-Fi Network Passwords

Exchange SSID with the SSID of the access point you wish to query the password from.

1
security find-generic-password -D "AirPort network password" -a "SSID" -gw

Spotlight

这个要怎么用？听说这个很久了，还没去具体了解使用

Spotlight Indexing

1
2
3
4
5
# Disable
mdutil -i off -d /path/to/volume

# Enable (Default)
mdutil -i on /path/to/volume

Erase Spotlight Index and Rebuild 重建索引

1
mdutil -E /path/to/volume

Search via Spotlight 搜索

1
mdfind -name 'searchterm'

Show Spotlight Indexed Metadata

1
mdls /path/to/file

Screenshots 屏幕截图

目前在用软件Snip，满足基本所需了

Take Delayed Screenshot

Takes a screenshot as JPEG after 3 seconds and displays in Preview.

1
screencapture -T 3 -t jpg -P delayedpic.jpg

Save Screenshots to Given Location

Sets location to ~/Desktop.

1
2
defaults write com.apple.screencapture location ~/Desktop && \
killall SystemUIServer

Save Screenshots in Given Format

Sets format to png. Other options are bmp, gif, jpg, jpeg, pdf, tiff.

1
defaults write com.apple.screencapture type -string "png"

Disable Shadow in Screenshots 隐藏截图里的阴影

有阴影好看很多

1
2
defaults write com.apple.screencapture disable-shadow -bool true && \
killall SystemUIServer

Set Default Screenshot Name

Date and time remain unchanged.

1
2
defaults write com.apple.screencapture name "Example name" && \
killall SystemUIServer

Login Window

Set Login Window Text

1
sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow LoginwindowText "Your text"

Security

Application Firewall

这个是不是可以阻止应用联网？？（之前试了下，好像没什么效果，😓）

Firewall Service

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
# Show Status
sudo /usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw --getglobalstate

# Enable
sudo /usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw --setglobalstate on

# Disable (Default)
sudo /usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw --setglobalstate off

Add Application to Firewall

1
sudo /usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw --add /path/to/file

Passwords

Generate Secure Password and Copy to Clipboard

1
LC_ALL=C tr -dc "[:alpha:][:alnum:]" < /dev/urandom | head -c 20 | pbcopy

Physical Access

Launch Screen Saver 启动屏幕保护程序

1
open /System/Library/Frameworks/ScreenSaver.framework/Versions/A/Resources/ScreenSaverEngine.app

Lock Screen 锁屏

1
/System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/User.menu/Contents/Resources/CGSession -suspend

Screensaver Immediate Lock

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
# Status
defaults read com.apple.screensaver askForPasswordDelay

# Enable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.screensaver askForPasswordDelay -int 0

# Disable (Integer = lock delay in seconds)
defaults write com.apple.screensaver askForPasswordDelay -int 10

Screensaver Password

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
# Status
defaults read com.apple.screensaver askForPassword

# Enable
defaults write com.apple.screensaver askForPassword -int 1

# Disable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.screensaver askForPassword -int 0

Shutdown 关机

1
sudo poweroff

Uptime 已开机时间

How long since your last restart.

1
2
$ uptime
15:38  up 19 days, 14:48, 6 users, load averages: 1.85 1.55 1.47